A sexual problem, or sexual dysfunction, refers to a
problem during any phase of the sexual response cycle that prevents the
man or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the activity. The
sexual response cycle has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and
resolution.
While research suggests that sexual
dysfunction is common (43% of women and 31% of men report some degree of
difficulty), it is a topic that many people are hesitant to discuss.
Fortunately, most cases of sexual dysfunction are treatable, so it is
important to share your concerns with your partner and doctor.
- Physical causes: Many physical and medical conditions can cause problems with sexual function. These conditions include diabetes, heart and vascular disease, neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, chronic diseases such as kidney or liver failure, and alcoholism and drug abuse. In addition, the side effects of certain medications, including some antidepressant drugs, can affect sexual desire and function.
- Psychological causes: These include work-related stress and concern about sexual performance, marital or relationship problems, depression, feelings of guilt, and the effects of a past sexual trauma.
Who Is Affected by Sexual Problems?
Both
men and women are affected by sexual problems. Sexual problems occur in
adults of all ages. Among those commonly affected are those in the
geriatric population, which may be related to a decline in health
associated with aging.
How Do Sexual Problems Affect Men?
The most common sexual problems in men are ejaculation disorders, erectile dysfunction, and inhibited sexual desire.
What Are Ejaculation Disorders?
There are different types of ejaculation disorders in men, including:
- Premature ejaculation: This refers to ejaculation that occurs before or soon after penetration.
- Inhibited or retarded ejaculation: This is when ejaculation is slow to occur.
- Retrograde ejaculation: This occurs when, at orgasm, the ejaculate is forced back into the bladder rather than through the urethra and out the end of the penis.
In
some cases, premature and inhibited ejaculation are caused by
psychological factors, including a strict religious background that
causes the person to view sex
as sinful, a lack of attraction for a partner, and past traumatic
events. Premature ejaculation, the most common form of sexual
dysfunction in men, often is due to nervousness over how well he will
perform during sex. Certain drugs, including some antidepressants, may affect ejaculation, as can nerve damage to the spinal cord or back.
Retrograde ejaculation is common in males with diabetes who suffer from diabetic neuropathy . This is due to problems with the nerves in the bladder
and the bladder neck that allow the ejaculate to flow backward. In
other men, retrograde ejaculation occurs after operations on the bladder
neck or prostate, or after certain abdominal operations. In addition, certain medications, particularly those used to treat mood disorders, may cause problems with ejaculation.
